Wednesday, March 16, 2011

Like black diamonds? You’ve been bamboozled, sucker!




Never underestimate the power of a slick marketing campaign to hornswaggle and bamboozle people into thinking a worthless product is attractive and valuable. Black diamonds, or carbonados, have historically been viewed as ugly and cheap and not of gem quality, for a very simple reason: they don’t have much clarity so they lose the optical properties and luster we associate with diamond gems.

However, thanks to aggressive salesmanship and advertising, black diamonds are now selling at prices equal to those of “white” diamonds, despite the fact, in all honesty, close up they’re pretty ugly: they typically have the consistency and color of dark sunglasses lenses, a smoky, oily near-transparent gray-black.

I could be wrong, though: here’s Carmen Electra sporting a tasteful and not gaudy at all black diamond engagement ring, and as we all know, Carmen’s both a supergenius and armed with so much taste she’s like the reincarnation of Jacqueline Onassis.




First things first, my lovelies: there’s no such thing as a “black” diamond.

Diamonds are typically single crystals of carbon atoms that are arranged, at the atomic level, into a tetrahedronal (four-sided) crystalline lattice – an arrangement that is called an allotrope, and graphite is another allotrope of carbon atoms. In crystallography, it’s important to remember that something maintains the exact same shape, proportions and series of angles no matter its actual volume or size. That is, a diamond crystal, if not broken, will have these exact same proportions and geometry if it’s an eighth of a centimeter or as big as a fist.




This is called the law of constancy of interfacial angles, or Steno’s law, or, if you prefer, the first law of crystallography, and was discovered in the 17th Century by the great Danish scientist Nicolaus Steno, who helped create the field of modern geology by his discovery of the properties of natural crystals, not to mention other stellar achievements like the idea fossils are the remains of long-dead organisms.





Diamonds are naturally clear, but often when they form, there are occasionally impurities on the level of one part per million – for instance, superheated titanium gas, when caught inside a diamond, forms what’s called an inclusion and often turns the diamond a vivid and unusual color. Boron gases are the source of blue diamonds like the Hope Diamond, for instance.




Colored diamonds are all the rage these days, and have increased in price five-fold: a colored diamond that cost $50,000 in 1970 would be worth several million today. As a result of this, various processes have been created to turn diamonds unusual colors as a result of heat and irradiation. This ends in hilarity and tragedy when a supposedly colored diamond is superheated as a part of repairs only to have it lose its color! The lure of colored diamonds is a relatively recent phenomenon, though! For the majority of history non-colored diamonds were viewed as deficient and cheap.

Black diamonds are not like that, though. Black isn’t a color diamonds come in. Black diamonds are created not by unusual impurities...but by the fact they’re not single crystals, but a polycrystalline aggregate, or more simply, a combination of many individual crystals. Many metals are polycrystalline aggregate, including steel. As a result of this combination, they look an oily black because all the crystals in front of each other prevent the light from going through.


While carbonados may be ugly, the theory about their formation is pretty interesting stuff. They may form in supernovas that compress and expel carbon into polycrystalline aggregates and arrive on earth as meteorites.

In fact, because of their structure and how they form, the largest diamond ever discovered was a black carbonado at 3,147 carats. For comparison, the Hope diamond is 45 carats.

In other words, black diamonds are just repackaged carbonados of dubious non-gem quality that marketing makes you think are cool, sold at high prices because of the demand among the tacky, newly rich demographic, which includes Carmen Electra and most reality show contestants.

The thing that bothers me about marketing is how it can sometimes create an Ouroboros of non-logic and non-causality that could make a time-travelers’ head spin. Black diamonds are viewed as valuable because of aggressive salesmanship, yet their high price is due to demand caused by that aggressive salesmanship. It’s like a paradox used by Captain Kirk to destroy an evil supercomputer.


I don’t get the point of colored diamonds and I particularly don’t care for black diamonds. After all, isn’t the greatest and most beautiful thing about a diamond its clarity and luster and shimmer?

This often surprises people, but not all diamonds are of gem quality – in fact, fewer than half are not used for jewelry at all: most have flaws or problems with clarity and imperfection. In fact, diamonds are a downright miraculous material because of their resistance to heat and hardness used for things like industrial diamond drills and even computers, as any reader of Michael Crichton’s Congo would know.

Here’s another diamond misconception: diamonds form from the compression of coal under intense pressures. Superstrong superheroes like the Thing and the Incredible Hulk regularly squeeze coal hard enough diamonds form. Actually, coal is a type of sedimentary rock left by dead plant matter that was super-compressed, whereas diamonds typically form deep, deep within the earth, in the mantle at depths of several hundred miles in the interior.

The formation of coal is actually extremely unique and interesting. Most people believe that coal is remains of dead dinosaurs. Actually, coal is just compressed peat material from 360 million years, the aptly and descriptively named Carboniferous era, where swamp algae was compressed through a process of lithification, the process by which sedimentary material turns into rock. People know about the supercontinent of Pangea, but Pangea was only the last of several epic supercontinents in the incredible history of the earth. In the carboniferous, most land on earth was at the equator in a supercontinent called Gondwanaland, where it was constantly wet and swampy. Dense, stagnant swamps of non-moving water are typically stripped of oxygen by living things and bacteria, creating anoxic, sulfuric wastes that kill off the bacteteria that result in decomposition, so peat built up in layer after layer for hundreds of feet before it began to lithify.

By the way, no matter how big a nerd you think you are, I know for a fact I'm a bigger one: while cleaning up I found an old "Reunite Gondwanaland" t-shirt.



Also, coal is not entirely carbon at all, which is why it can’t turn into diamond. The composition of bituminous coal (a soft version that leaves an ash residue behind), for instance, is 75% carbon but also includes sulfur, hydrogen and nitrogen, and can also include benzene-like compounds. There are so many different classes of coal that labeling them into categories was a bone of contention among anal retentive petroleum scientists. In fact, burning coals can result in sulfur dioxide, which is the source of “acid rain.”

While I’m at it, let me clear up a common misconception right here: diamonds are not totally indestructible, and they can be broken by enough force and pressure. It is true that only a diamond can cut or scratch another diamond, but given enough pressure diamond can shatter like any other stone. In fact, diamonds, like any carbon allotrope, can even burn at enough temperature. Lavousier, the chemist best known for the discovery of oxygen, discovered that diamonds were principally carbon by measuring what was released from a burning diamond.

In fact, scientists have, under conditions of immense pressure (over ten million pounds per square inch), caused diamond to liquefy. Indeed, there is some speculation that part of the composition of Uranus and Neptune are oceans of liquid diamond. I practically had an orgasm when I heard about that!

You know who would make a good science teacher? Yoda, because he put it best when he said that in science, knowledge is unlearning a lot of what you have learned.


What’s the point of all this? Well, it just goes to show how an understanding of Geology can help people navigate through important purchases and important decisions, because many things we think we know are actually untrue or wrong. One big problem is how many garnets, a pinkish and cheaper stone, are often mislabeled as rubies. This was especially common in the past, where there was no x-ray crystallography and other methods to definitively identify gemstones. Just like diamond is a crystalline form of carbon, rubies are a typical form of the silicate mineral corundum, which incidentally, also is the source of amethysts.

Finally…what’s my favorite gemstone, you may ask?

Well, ask any rockhound that and you’ll get a hundred that come to mind, but that depends if you mean precious gemstone or not.




My favorite non-precious stones are a variety of crystalline quartz found in upstate New York called Herkimer County Diamonds. The reason I like these the best is that they’re photogenic, huge and clear and terminate at either end in points, and also because I had the good fortune of finding one on my first rockhound trip to upstate NYC. It’s not a protected resource so you can just pluck ‘em off the ground if you like, and they’re super-photogenic; when I show people my rock collection eyes immediately migrate to them. Also, they are found by just cracking open rocks, just like in the movies!

As for my favorite precious gemstone, I would have to say a beautiful, rare and unusual variety of burnt-orange garnet called spessartine, a manganese aluminum silicate that was mostly unknown until deposits were found between Nairobi and Angola. Even today it’s as hard to find as it is gorgeous.


100 comments:

  1. Replies
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  2. Was led to your blog after a google search for "black diamond engagement ring". You are very educated and funny! I'm glad I decided to read this, you may have changed my mind on black diamonds. Thanks! :)

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  3. black diamonds are the best for that reason alone.. that, "black diamonds are now selling at prices equal to those of “white” diamonds.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Buy what you like. Who cares if it valuable to someone else.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. This article seems more of a personal campaign against the sale of what many people consider beautiful, even if not natural,instead of an unbiased account of how black diamond are created.

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    2. Yes! I also feel like the author did not take into account the large amount of people who like "Gothic" and "alternative" styles who just enjoy black and/or unique jewelry, regardless of its value. Though people may think their style is tasteless, it is a matter of preference and jewelers will cater to what the market wants to buy.

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    3. Yes! I also feel like the author did not take into account the large amount of people who like "Gothic" and "alternative" styles who just enjoy black and/or unique jewelry, regardless of its value. Though people may think their style is tasteless, it is a matter of preference and jewelers will cater to what the market wants to buy.

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    4. I don't want wear anything irradiated. Thanks good article

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    5. Agree! Buy what you like! And style over science, nerds. ;) I have a beautiful black diamond ring have three stackables- its modern stylish and beautiful. I am neither tacky or new money. I wanted something different. And ya know what's really makes me wanna hurl? A halo white diamond engagement ring that you and all over your friends sport while at the country club...talk about tacky.

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  5. I will never understand how anybody can pay large sums for ANY jewelry. Black white or what not. Totally retarded.

    So with that in mind, I encourage everybody to buy what THEY like and think is pretty, regardless of some smarty arty's opinion on absolute "value".

    I will find my finance a nice black diamond ring. I give a flying fart about anybody's (except her's) opinion.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Clearly your Cro-Magnon brain can only handle so many 'big words' before it shuts itself down and regresses to that of a 5 year old's.

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    2. The Original Poster raises her insignificant and uneducated head. 3rd grade is waiting for you little girl.

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  6. you are an interesting writer....you make mineralogy and gemmology sound very interesting. go you!
    you gave Carmen Spectra a thumbs up in the beginning and then classify her in the 'tacky, new demographic' group. what is up with that?
    your article makes me say....no black Ds for me!
    you are a hilarious nerd;-)

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. He was taking the mickey out of her, not exactly giving the thumbs up!

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  7. Your information is not entirely correct. Natural black diamonds do exist but what is sold on the market today are irradiated. Black diamonds sell for much less than colorless diamonds. Only non colored black diamonds are expensive and very rare. They are not available to the general public for sale. I actually own an irradiated black diamond. Although it is opaque the luster of the gem is amazing. You can see your own reflection in it.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. The very fact that you say you don't like black diamonds makes your entire high school rant here highly questionable. If you really were in grad school, the first rule is to provide sources! In fact, they teach that little factoid in junior high, little girl. The drivel you produce here is someone whining because she doesn't have the stones and gems in her little jewelry box that women of class do have. Another giveaway is your nerdy, juvenile references to characters like Captain Kirk. Go ahead and live in your fantasy land.

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  8. I'll see your "Reunite Gondwanaland" t-shirt and raise you my "Stop Continental Drift" shirt from the same company, showing giant nails half-pounded into North America and Europe. I thought it was pretty funny back in the 70s, but now that medieval whack-job pseudoscience has become mainstream I'm not sure I can safely wear it without a) nobody getting it or b) involuntarily launching a drive to have this issue included in the Republican Party platform.

    Robin
    Rusty Ring: Reflections of an Old-Timey Hermit

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  9. http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/nature06214
    Interesting recent research concerning the split of Gonwanaland and why India sped away.

    Also, if diamonds can burn, then what explains how 'diamond' planets can exist? Wouldn't the pressure have to morph from hot to cold? Yes, oxygen allows burning.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Pressure doesn't change temperature.

      Materials under higher pressure tend to have higher melting points.

      Diamond planets probably don't have oxygen rich atmospheres conducive to burning, and if they did, would rapidly be replaced by CO2 atmospheres with minimal impact to the diamond core.

      What are you asking?

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    2. "Pressure doesn't change temperature."
      Never heard of Gay-Lussac's law I guess..

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  10. Thanks for the good information about black diamonds and black diamond's Engagement Rings.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. No, she's no gemologist, just a third grader with a dictionary wishing she was the gem-educated of the world. SOURCES, CHILD, SOURCES! IF you reach junior high, that is something you will learn very quickly.

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  11. Love reading your info. Very informative. I don't understand why people like "black diamond". Isn't diamond suppose to sparkle? But hey I guess the saying is right "the more money you have the weirder you get"! LOL

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  12. I like my black diamond engagement ring, and the last thing I was worried about was its worth. It's unique and pretty, and it came from the heart. That's what an engagement is about. Not monetary worth.

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    Replies
    1. Maybe, but when you could have gotten the same effect from onyx and instead used that money for something practical, and the only reason why it "came from the heart" instead of an onyx was because a salesperson took your fiance for a ride...

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  13. P.S. Wikipedia, much? All of this information can be found there- save the tid bits of jealous hatred for Carmen Elektra.

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  14. Info on black diamonds very interesting....and although you dislike them (or the hype surrounding them) I see beauty in them. So personal choice is the order of the day...for me!!

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    Replies
    1. There are many black stones that look like black diamonds, but aren't scams.

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  15. Black diamonds are indeed hideous, but amethyst is not conundrum (like rubies). It is quartz, same material as the crystals you found on your NYC rockhounding adventure.

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    Replies
    1. That is correct- sapphire is the other famous corundum, NOT amethyst. :-)

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    2. Which was a hilarious mistake given the comment about being "a bigger nerd" than anyone else.

      Also Spessartine is by no means "hard to find", especially if you're a rockhound; merely that unlike black diamond, it's not as aggressively marketed to the public, (for whom Garnet is invariably linked to the brownish red Pyrope variety), as 'trendy'.

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  16. *corundum. Thank you auto correct.

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  17. I liked some of your explanations of things, wether I agreed with them fully or not. However, to say that the black diamond is worthless and people are beind bamboozled into believing it has value....well if you think about it, the same can be said for a clear, yellow, and pink diamonds. Someone said they had value and convinced everyone else of the same fact. Not to mention any of the other gems, precious metals or money that any nation uses (paper really more valuable because you add more zeros on it, don't think so, it's still paper).
    As I said I enjoyed reading this, just not sure of the explanation on why it doesn't have value or worth. There are other gemstones that have value that aren't clea and personally I think are ugly, however they been stamped as valuable. Value is determined for different reasons...rare, unique, the lack of flaws and yes because it looked good. Well keep writing, I enjoy it, just wanted to put my opinion in.

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    Replies
    1. Was still considering all the facts, and opinions when I came across your reply. I would like to thank you for taking the time to give your opinion. It reminded that Beauty AND Value are in the eye of the Beholder. The woman I wish to make my wife could care less about materialistic things and dislikes gold for that very reason. I believe I have come to a conclusion and simply wanted your input to be publicly appreciated............

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  18. needed spellcheck my self or maybe rereading before I post...oops!

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  19. I can see what I would think would be a good reason for a black diamond. I've seen white diamonds that were so highly included and milky that they are too ugly to sell. Irradiate, color, or what ever method is used to make them black and give them at least some value. I know basically nothing about gemstones but I was considering a black diamond on eBay but I ALWAYS do my homework first and that is what led me here. Now I would like to purchase a nice Spessartine once I saw your picture of it. VERY enjoyable reading

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    Replies
    1. did you check where her so called expertise came from? any one can write bullshit if no one challenges them

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  20. "This ends in hilarity and tragedy when a supposedly colored diamond is superheated as a part of repairs only to have it lose its color! The lure of colored diamonds is a relatively recent phenomenon, though! For the majority of history non-colored diamonds were viewed as deficient and cheap."

    Where is the hilarity in that? Also, I'm not sure what you are saying here...it says that the lure of colored diamonds is modern, but for most of history colorless diamonds were deficient. Haven't colorless diamonds always been the most sought-after?

    "This often surprises people, but not all diamonds are of gem quality – in fact, fewer than half are not used for jewelry at all: most have flaws or problems with clarity and imperfection."

    Does this mean that more than half are used for jewelry, even though most diamonds have flaws?

    ReplyDelete
  21. The post is fulfill about the diamond origin and anyone can read and know about the diamond quality and i think It is actually incomprehensible opinion now, but also from general, that usefulness in addition to significance is usually overwhelming. Thanks once again and all the best.
    Diamond Ring Repair

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  22. i like black diamonds because of its supposed supernovic origins :D

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  23. You realise white diamonds are only popular due to aggressive marketing and salesmanship on the part of De Beers, right?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. YAHTZEE!!! Look back on the past and you'll find that it's only very RECENT history where you'll see the push for diamond engagement rings, and that DeBeers is indeed behind that push. They have the monopoly on a saturated market, and need to sell sell sell!!

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  24. Thanks for this. Great article. Your point that advertising/promoting is a form of brainwashing is dead on..Case in point. 60 some odd years ago as a teenager I bought a black diamond "man's ring" for $15

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  25. 60 years ago most stones that most people view as valuable were is the same boat!

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  26. Everything we see, eat or touch comes from aggressive marketing.
    Look at the food we eat... Majority is processed foods that are chemically changed or enhanced to 'fool' us into wanting and liking them.
    I think the only fools are the ones who don't have an educated knowledge about what they are doing. If you like a black diamond or white or any other color, then buy it just as you would anything else.
    You're pretty self righteous if you won't appreciate a black diamond being not a 'true' substance but then buy a pack of flavored potato chips and enjoy them no questions asked! Almost everything is processed in some way or another so enjoy everything for what it is.
    If you like black diamonds... Then who the f is anyone to tell you that you're wrong?!

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  27. With all due respect I dont find black diamonds expensive. A 2 carat black diamond engagement ring sells for $ 700.00 compared to $ 11,000.00 and upwards for a white diamond. $700.00 doesnt seem so expensive compared to $ 11,000.00 does it..??

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  28. The only thing I read was a moronic rant about a black diamond having non value because its transparency dose not allow light refraction to dissipate in the stone yadayada or what not yet the stone is still carbon yet you also state it is more than likely extra terrestrial making it even rarer and a d flawless stone is just that a stone not a alien carbon that brings the parts of heave to earth!This being said you are stating that propaganda has brought forth a good price on a item that you seem to down grade yet also allow a stone that has no scientific value just an eye appeal for the materialistic and uneducated when the truth being is anyone who would give me a large amount of money for a stone is going to be allowed to buy my stone for a proper amount of money,for I am not an extremely greedy man yet I still want to be able to keep a level of fairness for my item an everyone else.The truth is Cecil B Rhodes was a GENIUS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! And as every one else I bet you have a really big D SSI G.I.A. graded stone yourself HYPOCRITE. If you know so much then why are you not out finding the things that you criticize to actually prove your point? AND AS A MATTER OF FACT THE LARGEST DIAMOND EVER FOUND IS 3476 carts FOUND IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NOT BRAZIL!And yes it is carbonado.Since 2010-carbonados have been recovered in the U.S. by a prolific Prospector named ONE RIVER.His explorations in the country brought about a new wave of information on the ancient Archean Oceanic System that ran through he U.S. when it was an ancient rain-forest on the earths equator. If anyone was capable of basic observations of the earth they can look and see that the earths diamond follow a ancient flow that was on the bottom of the ocean where the currents carried them.This be so much proven that the earths largest Diamond company De Beers now has its Buffels Head Marine operation obtaining them of the bottom of the oceans floor.So don't speak unless you actually know for a BLACK DIAMOND IS AND ALWAYS WILL BE WORTH SO MUCH MORE TO THOSE THAT KNOW THAT A PIECE OF HEAVEN IS ALL ANYONE WOULD EVER WANT OUT OF LIFE!!!!

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  29. GREAT POST: when a welder reads the whole thing its gotta b good lol and thank you for the info u should do weekly

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  30. Thanks for the entertaining and informative carbon geology review!

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  31. Just got my black Diamond engagement ring. It's beautiful and sparkles just like the white ones that surround it. Don't be swayed by this entertaining rant!

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  32. This article is unintentionally hilarious. If you want to talk about marketers bamboozling suckers, you'd be hard pressed to find it on a more ridiculous scale than DeBeers and white diamonds.

    I also believe that people should be able to just like what they like, regardless.

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  33. Info on black diamonds very interesting....GREAT POST..

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  34. All diamonds are "technically" worthless. Its all propaganda so get what you like. Black diamond on black gold is a pretty cool look.

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  35. More a personal rant than an informative piece....Too bad it is based on incorrect information. Previous replies have highlighted the misinformation and biases that make this piece too flawed to enjoy so I will leave it at that!

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  36. Mesmo que você odeie, despreze e considere ruim acredite os diamantes negros são os mais raros, além disso sua estrutura molecular é INCRÍVEL, porque possui mais de uma forma de carbono, e para sua informação os diamantes mais baratos são os AMARELOS não os pretos!!!!!

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  37. VocĂŞ Ă© o rei dos retardados!

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  38. David Jessop 02/06/2014

    This whole battle of the nerds is hilarious. It needs to be simply said though, that something is only worth as much as you are prepared to pay for it, albeit a correctly of incorrectly named stone such as the black diamond or a simple piece of glass.

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  39. Surely a 147carat black translucent diamond for $6 is lol ! Might be tempted. Nvl.

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  40. ... I do think diamonds in general are overhyped by the jewelry industry (people should not buy them thinking they are getting an "investment") but they have some neat properties, such as being the hardest substance on earth! I think black diamonds are pretty neat; they don't have internal sparkle but the facets still shine and, because of said hardness, they ought to keep their facets better than other black stones, such as obsidian.
    It's all down to taste; although I do think folks should beware buying them for their honey "because that's just what is done".

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  41. I totally think everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but that is THEIR opinion and they shouldn't assume that I have the same opinion. While she is correct about aggressive salespeople, their job is to SELL things. Just because she doesn't like black diamonds doesn't mean I shouldn't like them either. She is not understanding the fact that everyone has an opinion, and they don't all have the same one as her. She just happens to like white diamonds more than she likes black diamonds, but we don't have to think that too.

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  42. FACT IS PRICLESS HOW CAD U PUT A PRICE ON PART OF WHAT CREATED HUMANS ALSO WHAT CREATED THE HEART ROCK MY INFORMATIOPN IS LIIKE MY WORD 100%GOOD DAVID AKA SCORPION GLACIAL

    ReplyDelete
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    You just wrote great information written by you on the Unheated Blue Sapphires Engagement Rings.

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  44. I have 110 carat of black diamond(carbonado). any one intrested to buy this. please contact.

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  45. I'm just amazed that there were people commenting that this was "hilarious". Nothing I read was funny. Lol. This author just sounds so hateful and like she is trying too hard. Maybe someone she envies has a black engagement ring... maybe no man wants the author. I don't know... I just find it odd to show so much anger about what people buy. My engagement ring is a black diamond. And no, my fiance didn't spend too much on it. Lol. He'd have gladly gotten me a real, costlier diamond but he knows I love black everything and I knew he was going to propose and sort of hinted about black diamonds. Point being, some people just like black. I don't want the same thing everyone I know has:)

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    Replies
    1. Wow, because someone doesn't like black diamonds and points out the pricing structure, "no man wants her" and she's bitter? Logic kinda off there....

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  46. Pls I need help for someone to identify this Rock. Am suspecting that it's a natural black diamond .this special round stone is very smooth at one end and is very heavy 2kg. This is a legendary stone that my ancestors worshipped for generations. They said it came from Heaven. Tere is no proper lab in here to test it to confirm weather or not it's a natural black diamond or carbonado because I have researched online and saw the photos and attributes of natural black diamond are Same as my rock. Most metal buyers here are gold dealers and they don't have the equipments to test. I am convince that it's a black diamond. I have the photo and I can send as well. Please can someone help me identify this Rock.

    Pls pm your email and I will send you the photos.

    Thanks so much!!

    Jerry

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